There are a lot of books written on this subject both by muslim and non-muslim scholars who studied the subject. Most of the books are very expensive, though.
I found this book which is cheap and covers the basics. It was written for training bank professional in Pakistan. Check @ http://www.al-rashad.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=161
Based on lecture notes and handouts prepared for a comprehensive training course for the staff of Meezan Bank. Topics include Islamic contract, modes of financing, and investments. Today the world economic system that is based on interest has resulted in concentrating the wealth in the hands of selected few creating monopolies and widening the gap between the rich and the poor. In contrast Islam encourages circulation of wealth and regards its role as important to an economy as the flow of blood to our human body. Just as clotting of blood paralyzes human body, concentration of wealth paralyzes economy. By Dr Muhammad Imran Ashraf Uthmani. 259 pages HB.
Paperback, 430 pp.
